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The result was Dortmund's second straight defeat in the Bundesliga, leaving it eighth on the table. The hosts, meanwhile, remain second-bottom but are just three points from guaranteed safety.

The match itself started badly for Nuri Sahin's visitors, who went in 3-0 down before half-time after being blown away by Holstein Kiel in the first period.

Shuto Machino got the hosts up and running in the 27th minute, before Phil Harres doubled the lead from close range five minutes later, his fifth goal in the past three matches.

Harres then turned provider at the end of the first half, executing a delightful chipped ball for Alexander Bernhardsson, who smashed the ball home to give the home side a huge lead going in stoppage-time.

Dortmund did eventually mount a fightback of sorts, with Gio Reyna's 71st minute finish from the edge of the area cutting the deficit. Jamie Gittens then made it 3-2 with a fine finish seven minutes later.

Sahin's side was then given a lifeline in its hunt for a point when Lewis Holtby received a straight red card for a bad challenge in second-half stoppage-time, but it was the home side that scored again.

Fiete Arp got the goal that made it 4-2 and sealed the points for Holstein Kiel, firing into an empty net from just inside the Dortmund half after Gregor Kobel been caught up the field trying to helped his side score from the last corner of the match.

Holstein Kiel's victory is its first against Dortmund and one it managed despite having just 25 per cent of the possession.

Dortmund was unable to fashion many decent opportunities despite having most of the ball, registering an xG of just 1.06 compared to Holstein Kiel's 1.56.

Dortmund has now won just one of its past seven matches in all competitions, piling the pressue on boss Sahin, who is eunduring a challenging first season at the club.